Test of the Bacteriological Ability of Mangrove Nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum) as a Water Disinfectant
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Feb 18, 2024
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Abstract
Coliform bacteria contamination in wetlands poses a risk of causing waterborne diseases. Disinfectants are bactericidal, effectively reducing bacterial colonization in water. The coastal plant of mangrove nyirih or Xylocarpus granatum (X.granatum) contains various antibacterial compounds, so it can be used as a natural disinfectant. This study aims to analyze the bacteriological ability of mangrove nyirih as a disinfectant in water samples contaminated with Coliform. This laboratory experimental study used a pretest-posttest control group design. The dilution method was used to observe the effects of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% ethanol extract of mangrove leaves (L) and bark (B) of X.granatum as well as chlorine control. The parameters observed were the Coliform Most Probable Number (MPN) and Total Plate Count (TPC) in the test water sample. The results of the study, obtained a decrease in the Coliform MPN and TPC numbers of water samples after treatment. LB100% X.granatum extract produces an effect that is not significantly different from chlorine. In conclusion, mangrove nyirih has the ability as a water disinfectant.
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Heriyani, F., Budiarti, L., & Ahdadia, H. (2024). Test of the Bacteriological Ability of Mangrove Nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum) as a Water Disinfectant. TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL, 9(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.20527/twj.v9i2.120
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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Rahmani N., R., Y, S., Kaidah , L,.Y., Budiarti. (2021) Aktivitas infus kayu apu (Pistia stratiotes) dalam menurunkan jumlah bakteri coliform pada sampel air. Homeostasis. 4(2);265-74.
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Yoswaty D, Nursyirwani, I.,Nurrachmi Effendi, E., Gabariel (2021). Antibacterial screening on Xylocarpus granatum extract against fish pathogenic bacteria. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 695: 1-7.
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Batubara, U.M., M., Latief, W.D, Setiawati. (2021). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kasar metanol daun Xylocarpus granatum terhadap bakteri patogen ikan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Berkala Perikanan Terubuk. 49(1):1-6
Broniatowski, M. & P., Mastalerz. (2015). Studies of the interactions of ursane-type bioactive terpenes with the model of Escherichia Coli inner membrane langmuir monolayer approach. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1848: 469–76.
Budiarti LY, L., Khariyati L, R., Fakhriyadi. (2017). The relationship between the existence of bacterial type from hand and feces with water piping on elementary school students on the riverbanks of Kuin in Banjarmasin. Proceeding international Seminar: development of tropical disease research based on wetland and Indonesian local. 2017. ISSN:2477-3522:p.336-347.
Budiarti, L.Y., F., Heriyani, S., Nuriyah. (2022). In vitro test of a combination of leaf extracts and bark of Xylocarpus granatum as antiseptic candidate. 5(1): 6 – 12.
Carvalho, R.S., C.A., Carollo, J.C., de Magalhães, J.M.C., Palumbo, A.G., Boaretto, L.C., Nunes e Sá, A.C., Ferraz, W.G., Lima, J.M., de Siqueira, & J.M.S., Ferreira. (2018). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of phenolic compound-enriched ethyl acetate fraction from Cochlospermum regium (mart. Et. Schr.) Pilger roots: mechanisms of action and synergism with tannin and gallic acid. South African Journal of Botany. 114, 181–87.
Dewi, AP. & K., Putriani. (2022). Analysis of coliform and colifecal contamination on Sanjay chip using MPN method. Jurnal Proteksi Kesehatan.11(1):52-6.
Dey, D., Q., Cristina, R., Hossain,D.. Jain, R. A. Khan., P. Janmeda,M.T., Islam, H.A.R., Suleria, M., Martorell, S.D. Daştan, M., Kumar, Y.,, Taheri, A.T., Petkoska, & J., Sharifi-Rad. (2021). Ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 1-16.
Ding, K., W., Jiang, H., Jia, & M., Lei. (2022). Synergistically anti-multiple myeloma effects: flavonoid, non-flavonoid polyphenols, and bortezomib. Biomolecules.12(1);3-5.
Farihatini, T. (2019). Environmental Impact on Human Health and Sustainable Development: A comprehensive study on drinking water quality and severity of dental caries in school children in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Thesis. Griffith University. Queensland, Australia.
Giri, C. (2016). Observation and monitoring of mangrove forestsusing remote sensing: opportunities and challenges. Remote Sensing. 20(1): 154-9.
Hendrawan, I, Zuraida, & B.F., Pamungkas. (2015). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol Xylocarpus granatum dari pesisir muara badak. Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Tropis. 20(2):15-22.
Herawati, D. & A. Yuntarso . (2017). Penentuan dosis kaporit sebagai desinfektan dalam menyisihkan konsentrasi ammonium pada air kolam renang. Jurnal Sain Health. 1(2):66-74.
Heriyani, F., L.Y., Budiarti, N., Rafina, N., Novianti, P.A., Setlla. (2020). Identification of bacteria, fungi, and most probable coliform around temporary disposal site at Gadang Village Banjarmasin. Berkala Kedokteran. 16(2):89-94.
Heriyani, F., L.Y., Budiarti. W., Nursantari, A., Apriliani. (2021). Hand soap activity against the number of bacterial colonies from the housewife’s hand swab samples in a temporary landfill in Kelurahan Gadang Banjarmasin. Jurnal Berkala kedokteran. 17(2):87–94.
Hossain, S.J., M.R., Islam, T., Pervin, M., Iftekharuzzaman, O.A.A. Hamdi, S., Mubassara, M., Saifuzzaman, J.A., Shilpi. (2017). Preventive nutrition and food science. 22(1):157–65.
Khalid., M., , S.,U., Rahman, M., M., Bilal, H., Dan-Feng. (2019) Role of flavonoids in plant interactions with the environment and against human pathogens - A review. J. Integr. Agric. 18(1):211–30.
Mardiansyah & Bahri, S. (2016). Potensi tumbuhan mangrove sebagai obat alami antimikroba patogen. Saintech Farma. 9(1):25-9.
Nasution S, H., W., Pohan, L., Pratiwi, R., Hasibuan. (2020). Kandungan nutrisi dan senyawa bioaktif Xylocarpus granatum Koenic: Review. Pros SemNas Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan. 1(1):474–8.
Permenkes RI. Persyaratan kualitas air minum. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan No.492/Menkes/SK/IV/2010.
Permenkes RI. Standar baku mutu kesehatan kesehatan lingkungan dan persyaratan kesehatan air untuk keperluan higieni sanitasi, kolam renang, solus per aqua dan pemandian umum. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan No.32/Menkes/Sk/2017.
Pramiastuti, O., D., S., Rejeki, S.,L., Karimah. (2020). Aktivitas antibakteri pasta gigi ekstrak daun saga (Abrus precatorius Linn.) Pada Streptococcus mutans.
Purwanti, R. (2016). Studi etnobotani pemanfaatan jenis-jenis mangrove sebagai tumbuhan obat di Sulawesi. In Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences. 3(1):340-48.
Rahmani N., R., Y, S., Kaidah , L,.Y., Budiarti. (2021) Aktivitas infus kayu apu (Pistia stratiotes) dalam menurunkan jumlah bakteri coliform pada sampel air. Homeostasis. 4(2);265-74.
Safitri D, A., A., K., Suardana , I.,W., Wahyudi. (2020). Inhibition leaf extract (Avicennia marina) to the growth of microbial (ALT and MPN E.Coli) in fresh cobfish (Euthynus affinis). Wydia Biologi. 11(2):118-24.
Saheb S., B., N., Krishna, S.,I., Khalivulla, K., Mallikarjuna. (2016). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of leaf and bark ethanol extract of marine and terrestrial plants of Xylocarpus species. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor. 5(8):1518–27.
Sharief N., M., D., A. Srinivasulu, P.S. Veni, U.M.V Rao. (2014). Quantification of phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of fruit extract Avicennia officinalis. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 7(2): 127-30
Sofyan D.,K.,(2018). Peramalan kebutuhan klorin (Cl2) pada bagian produksi di PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda. Industrial Engineering Journal. 7(1):31-5.
Xu, L., C., Zhang, P., Xu, X., CX., Wang. (2018). Mechanisms of ultraviolet disinfection and chlorination of Escherichia coli: Culturability, membrane permeability, metabolism, and genetic damage. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 65, 356-366
Yan, Y, X., Li, C., Zhang, Lv, L., B., Gao, M., Li. (2021). Research progress on antibacterial activities and mechanisms of natural alkaloids: a review. MPDI Journal: Antibiotics.10. 318:1-30.
Yoswaty D, Nursyirwani, I.,Nurrachmi Effendi, E., Gabariel (2021). Antibacterial screening on Xylocarpus granatum extract against fish pathogenic bacteria. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 695: 1-7.
Yu-Pu, J & L., Pi-hu. (2020). Biological and pharmacological effects of synthetic saponins. Molecules, 25, 49714: 1-22.